1(National Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering, Peking University, Beijing 100871)2(Department of Genetics, Flanders Interuniversity Institute for Biotechnology/University of Gent, Gent, Belgium)
3(De Montfort University, The Gateway, Leicester, LE 19BH, UK)
Abstract The cloning and sequencing of a full length cDNA of GAFP-1 (Gastrodia antifungal protein), an antifungal protein from Gastrodia elata Bl. f. flavida S. Chow is reported. Degenerate primers were designed based on the N-terminal partial sequence from purified GAFP-1 to amplify the corresponding cDNA by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE). A cDNA was obtained that contains an open reading frame for a peptide of 171 amino acids which matches the known peptide sequences. A 5′UTR (untranslated region) of 55 bp was found upstream from the translation initiation site. Two poly(A) adenylation sites were located downstream the stop codon. GAFP-1 cDNA and its deduced amino acid sequence share high homology with the mannose binding lectins from Epipactis helloborine, Listera ovata and snowdrop (Galanthus nivalis). The cDNA can now be used for testing the potential of GAFP-1 for engineering fungal resistance in crop plants.
Key words Gastrodia eleta, Antifungal protein, Rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE), Cloning
天麻是我国特有的一种药用植物,它在与蜜环菌长期的相互作用中形成了一套有效的抑制及消化真菌的机制[1],从而成为研究植物与真菌相互作用的良好模式系统之一。1988年,胡忠等[2]从天麻中分离得到一种14 kD的蛋白质(GAFP),其在体外对绿色木霉及羊肚菌有明显的抑制作用。进一步的研究表明蜜环菌的侵染可诱导这种蛋白在天麻皮层细胞中的表达与积累,并证明其在天麻次生球茎抑制蜜环菌的侵染中起主要作用[3,4]。之后,曾有关于天麻抗真菌蛋白基因克隆的报道[5],但至今未见序列发表。本实验室在1997年从人工栽培的黄天麻中分离得到一种抗真菌蛋白(GAFP-1),确定了其理化性质及N端部分氨基酸序列[6],并对其抗真菌机制进行了初步研究[7]。由于GAFP-1在体外对梨腐烂病菌、立枯丝核菌及灰葡萄孢等植物病原真菌均有明显的抑制作用,因此编码GAFP-1的基因可望应用于植物抗真菌病害基因工程,提高植物对病原真菌的抗性。本文报道GAFP-1 cDNA的克隆并首次报道其全长序列,这为将GAFP-1应用于植物抗真菌病害基因工程奠定基础,并有助于揭示其抗真菌的作用机理。RACE(rapid amplification of cDNA ends, 快速分离cDNA末端)是近年来发展的一种以PCR为基础的基因分离方法[8]。应用这种方法,我们成功地克隆了包括3′和5′末端的GAFP-1全长cDNA
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